An Eye Specialist’s Guide to Glaucoma

Dr. Andrea Sonntag-Vega, Ophthalmologist at Parkway, shares eye-opening facts about glaucoma.

If left untreated, glaucoma can cause you to lose vision and even become blind. What are its causes and how can we prevent it?

Here’s what you need to know about glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a specific group of diseases that damages the eye’s optic nerve. It’s known as the ‘silent thief of sight’ because many people with glaucoma experience no early symptoms or pain. 

In fact, more than 90% of people with glaucoma are unaware they have it until they are officially diagnosed.

Your optic nerve is made up of over a million little nerve fibers, which connect your eye to the brain. If these nerves are put under pressure, it can cause irreversible damage and interfere with the signals responsible for transmitting images. 

More rarely, poor blood flow (despite normal eye pressure) causes damage to the optic nerve.

If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.

Initially the condition remains asymptomatic, but the gradual progression may lead to symptoms such as:

•Loss of peripheral or side vision

•Seeing halos around lights and glare in bright light

•Redness in the eye

•Eye pain

•Eye that looks hazy (particularly in infants)

•Narrow or tunnel vision

•Vision Loss

Several factors can increase your chances of developing glaucoma later in life. These include:

·Raised pressure within the eye

·Your age – the older you are, the higher your risk

·A family history of glaucoma

·Asian, African or Hispanic heritage

·Previous eye injury

·Severe nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia)

·Long-term use of steroid medications

·Thin corneas (the transparent layer at the front of your eye)

·Health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and migraine

Glaucoma can be classified as either open-angle or angle-closure.

•Open-angle glaucoma is the most common form of the condition, where the angle between the iris (the colored part of your eye) and the cornea is normal in width. However, the drainage canals become clogged, leading to an increase in eye pressure. Usually, this is a lifelong condition that develops slowly and causes few symptoms in the early stages of the disease.

•For angle-closure glaucoma, the angle between the iris and cornea is too narrow, and the access to drainage canals becomes blocked. In some cases, this causes a sudden rise in eye pressure, resulting in symptoms such as eye pain, headache and vision loss.

Approximately 5.1 million people in the world have lost their sight from glaucoma. 

While cataract is a more common condition, its effect on vision is often reversible, unlike glaucoma. That’s why many experts predict that glaucoma may eventually become the most common cause of blindness worldwide.

If you catch glaucoma early, the prognosis is usually much better

If glaucoma is diagnosed too late, the vision of the patient will be permanently impaired.

However, if your glaucoma is mild or moderate, your doctor is far more likely to be able to prescribe an appropriate treatment to control eye pressure through medication or surgery, thus preserving your current state of vision.

Treatment options may include:

•Eye drops

•Laser eye surgery

•Glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy and tube drainage surgery)

•Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)

•In a traditional trabeculectomy, your doctor will create a new channel to drain fluid from your eye. While it will not help to restore your sight, this can help to lower the eye pressure and slow down the rate of vision loss in the future.

•MIGS is a fairly recent innovation that may be suitable for you if you have mild to moderate glaucoma, and a low tolerance for glaucoma medications. With MIGS, you’ll benefit from a faster recovery time and a lower risk of complications.

The first step is to always go for regular eye screening. If your eye doctor detects a problem, they may be able to prescribe you pressure-lowering eye drops, which will help to keep glaucoma at bay.

If you’re concerned about your risk for glaucoma, or if you’re experiencing unusual symptoms, make an appointment with an eye specialist.

Article reviewed by Dr. Andrea Sonntag-Vega,  Ophthalmologist of Parkway.

Copyright: Health Plus an online health and wellness web resource developed by Parkway Singapore https://www.parkwayshenton.com/healthplus/article/glaucoma-guide-eye-specialist